For nearly eight decades, the Holy See has consistently supported a two-State solution as the path toward a just and lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians. Pope Leo XIV reaffirmed that position during his Angelus in Castel Gandolfo on August 16th, urging the international community to advance a political settlement that recognizes the legitimate aspirations of both peoples.

The Vatican’s position developed over successive pontificates. Pius XII emphasized security for all parties and sought international guarantees protecting Jerusalem and its holy sites. Paul VI later highlighted the legitimate rights of Palestinians while continuing to advocate special protections for Jerusalem.

John Paul II gave the policy greater definition, affirming both Israel’s right to security and the Palestinian people’s right to a homeland. Benedict XVI continued this approach, supporting a sovereign Palestinian state within internationally recognized borders while stressing peaceful coexistence and regional stability.

Under Pope Francis, the commitment gained additional diplomatic weight. The Holy See formally recognized the State of Palestine through its 2015 Comprehensive Agreement, while Francis repeatedly called for two States living side by side in peace and security. His 2014 Vatican prayer gathering with Israeli President Shimon Peres and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas also symbolized his efforts to encourage dialogue.

Pope Leo XIV has carried this policy forward. In January 2026, he described the two-State framework as the institutional means of addressing the legitimate aspirations of both peoples. His latest appeal reflects the Holy See’s conviction that continued violence and political stalemate make such a settlement more urgent, not less.

Across changing Popes and decades of conflict, the Vatican’s central message has remained remarkably consistent: lasting peace requires security, dignity, recognized rights, and a viable future for both Israelis and Palestinians.