Patrick addresses the serious shortage of air traffic controllers, the fascinating possibility of a supernova, and answers listener calls on spiritual and theological questions. From the challenges of attending Mass at 93 to understanding the misconceptions of penal substitution, Patrick’s discussions are both enlightening and heartwarming. Keep the faith and remain curious as Patrick explores these topics and more.

• The U.S. faces a severe shortage of top air traffic controllers, with only 70% of positions filled and major airports like Miami, Philadelphia, and D.C. struggling below 60%. (1:40)
• WOH G64, one of the largest red super-giants known, is undergoing an unusually fast transformation, hinting at an impending supernova. (2:44)
• Estella – Is it ok for me to abstain from Sunday Mass because I’m 93 years old. (9:38)
• Steve – Does the Catholic Church teach penal substitution? (18:36)
• Anna – I have a cousin who is going to get married in the Church. Her boyfriend is considering the Catholic Church, and I want to help him know more. What is the best book? (27:32)
• Sarah (email) – God says He wants us to be happy. Most of us would say that suffering does NOT make us happy, but should it make us happy? (34:15)
• James – Can demons enter a church or holy ground by if they are inhabiting a person, or will they be rejected either way? (40:27)

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